This is the second in a three-video series where I debunk the pseudo-archaeological claims made by Graham Hancock and his colleagues in his recent Netflix documentary titled Ancient Apocalypse.
Sources:
Balbas, Andrea M., Aaron M. Barth, Peter U. Clark, Jorie Clark, Marc Caffee, Jim E. O’Connor, Victor R. Baker, Kevin Konrad, and Bruce Norman Bjornstad. “10Be dating of late Pleistocene megafloods and Cordilleran Ice Sheet retreat in the northwestern United States.” Geology 45 (2017): 583-586.
Cardoso, João. "Between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean: the Late Bronze Age around the Tagus estuary (Portugal). "Economic, social and cultural aspects. Rivista di Scienze Preistoriche 65 (2015): 149-170.
Cline, Eric H.. 1177 B.C.: The Year Civilization Collapsed. United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 2014.
Early and Middle Woodland Landscapes of the Southeast. United States: University Press of Florida, 2013.
Ellwood, Brooks & Warny, Sophie & Hackworth, Rebecca & Ellwood, Suzanne & Tomkin, Jonathan & Bentley, Samuel & Braud, Dewitt & Clayton, Geoffrey. "The LSU campus mounds, with construction beginning at ∼11,000 BP, are the oldest known extant man-made structures in the Americas." American Journal of Science 322 (2022): 795-827. 10.2475/06.2022.02.
Frei, Karin Margarita, Sophie Bergerbrant, Karl-Göran Sjögren, Marie Louise Schjellerup Jørkov, Niels Lynnerup, Lise Harvig, Morten E. Allentoft, Martin Sikora, Trevor D. Price, Robert Frei and Kristian Kristiansen. “Mapping human mobility during the third and second millennia BC in present-day Denmark.” PLoS ONE 14 (2019): 1-22.
Gubanov, I.B. "Grave Circle B at Mycenae in the Context of Links Between the Eastern Mediterranean and Scandinavia in the Bronze Age." Archaeology, Ethnology, and Anthropology of Eurasia 40 (2012): 99–103. 10.1016/j.aeae.2012.08.011.
Kristiansen, Kristian, and Paulina Suchowska-Ducke. “Connected Histories: the Dynamics of Bronze Age Interaction and Trade 1500–1100 Bc.” Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 81 (2015): 361–92. doi:10.1017/ppr.2015.17.
Lepper, Bradley T. “On the Age of Serpent Mound: A Reply to Romain and Colleagues.” Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology 43 (2018): 62 - 75.
Lepper, Bradley T. “THE MISSISSIPPIAN ICONOGRAPHY OF SERPENT MOUND.” (2020).
Ling, Johan, Zophia Stos-Gale, Lena Grandin, Kjell Billström, Eva Hjärthner-Holdar and Per-Olof Persson. “Moving metals II: provenancing Scandinavian Bronze Age artefacts by lead isotope and elemental analyses.” Journal of Archaeological Science 41 (2014): 106-132.
Lull, Vicente & Micó, Rafael & Rihuete, Cristina & Risch, Roberto. "The Iberian Peninsula during the Bronze Age." The Bronze Age in Europe. (2013): 594-616.
Medley, Erica A.. “Ancient Cataclysmic Floods in the Pacific Northwest: Ancestors to the Missoula Floods.” (2012).
Nývlt, Vladimír, Josef Musílek, Jiří Čejka and Ondrej Stopka. “The Study of Derinkuyu Underground City in Cappadocia Located in Pyroclastic Rock Materials.” Procedia Engineering 161 (2016): 2253-2258.
Ortmann, A. and Tristram R. Kidder. “Building Mound A at Poverty Point, Louisiana: Monumental Public Architecture, Ritual Practice, and Implications for Hunter‐Gatherer Complexity.” Geoarchaeology 28 (2013): 66-86.
Regional Architecture in the Mediterranean Area. Italy: Alinea, 2010.
Sassaman, Kenneth E.. “Poverty Point as Structure, Event, Process.” Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 12 (2005): 335-364.
The Philistines and Other Sea Peoples in Text and Archaeology. United States: SBL Press, 2013.
Varberg, Jeanette, Bernard Gratuze, and Flemming Kaul. “Between Egypt, Mesopotamia and Scandinavia: Late Bronze Age Glass Beads Found in Denmark.” Journal of Archaeological Science 54 (2015): 168–81. doi:10.1016/J.JAS.2014.11.036.
Sources:
Balbas, Andrea M., Aaron M. Barth, Peter U. Clark, Jorie Clark, Marc Caffee, Jim E. O’Connor, Victor R. Baker, Kevin Konrad, and Bruce Norman Bjornstad. “10Be dating of late Pleistocene megafloods and Cordilleran Ice Sheet retreat in the northwestern United States.” Geology 45 (2017): 583-586.
Cardoso, João. "Between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean: the Late Bronze Age around the Tagus estuary (Portugal). "Economic, social and cultural aspects. Rivista di Scienze Preistoriche 65 (2015): 149-170.
Cline, Eric H.. 1177 B.C.: The Year Civilization Collapsed. United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 2014.
Early and Middle Woodland Landscapes of the Southeast. United States: University Press of Florida, 2013.
Ellwood, Brooks & Warny, Sophie & Hackworth, Rebecca & Ellwood, Suzanne & Tomkin, Jonathan & Bentley, Samuel & Braud, Dewitt & Clayton, Geoffrey. "The LSU campus mounds, with construction beginning at ∼11,000 BP, are the oldest known extant man-made structures in the Americas." American Journal of Science 322 (2022): 795-827. 10.2475/06.2022.02.
Frei, Karin Margarita, Sophie Bergerbrant, Karl-Göran Sjögren, Marie Louise Schjellerup Jørkov, Niels Lynnerup, Lise Harvig, Morten E. Allentoft, Martin Sikora, Trevor D. Price, Robert Frei and Kristian Kristiansen. “Mapping human mobility during the third and second millennia BC in present-day Denmark.” PLoS ONE 14 (2019): 1-22.
Gubanov, I.B. "Grave Circle B at Mycenae in the Context of Links Between the Eastern Mediterranean and Scandinavia in the Bronze Age." Archaeology, Ethnology, and Anthropology of Eurasia 40 (2012): 99–103. 10.1016/j.aeae.2012.08.011.
Kristiansen, Kristian, and Paulina Suchowska-Ducke. “Connected Histories: the Dynamics of Bronze Age Interaction and Trade 1500–1100 Bc.” Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 81 (2015): 361–92. doi:10.1017/ppr.2015.17.
Lepper, Bradley T. “On the Age of Serpent Mound: A Reply to Romain and Colleagues.” Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology 43 (2018): 62 - 75.
Lepper, Bradley T. “THE MISSISSIPPIAN ICONOGRAPHY OF SERPENT MOUND.” (2020).
Ling, Johan, Zophia Stos-Gale, Lena Grandin, Kjell Billström, Eva Hjärthner-Holdar and Per-Olof Persson. “Moving metals II: provenancing Scandinavian Bronze Age artefacts by lead isotope and elemental analyses.” Journal of Archaeological Science 41 (2014): 106-132.
Lull, Vicente & Micó, Rafael & Rihuete, Cristina & Risch, Roberto. "The Iberian Peninsula during the Bronze Age." The Bronze Age in Europe. (2013): 594-616.
Medley, Erica A.. “Ancient Cataclysmic Floods in the Pacific Northwest: Ancestors to the Missoula Floods.” (2012).
Nývlt, Vladimír, Josef Musílek, Jiří Čejka and Ondrej Stopka. “The Study of Derinkuyu Underground City in Cappadocia Located in Pyroclastic Rock Materials.” Procedia Engineering 161 (2016): 2253-2258.
Ortmann, A. and Tristram R. Kidder. “Building Mound A at Poverty Point, Louisiana: Monumental Public Architecture, Ritual Practice, and Implications for Hunter‐Gatherer Complexity.” Geoarchaeology 28 (2013): 66-86.
Regional Architecture in the Mediterranean Area. Italy: Alinea, 2010.
Sassaman, Kenneth E.. “Poverty Point as Structure, Event, Process.” Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 12 (2005): 335-364.
The Philistines and Other Sea Peoples in Text and Archaeology. United States: SBL Press, 2013.
Varberg, Jeanette, Bernard Gratuze, and Flemming Kaul. “Between Egypt, Mesopotamia and Scandinavia: Late Bronze Age Glass Beads Found in Denmark.” Journal of Archaeological Science 54 (2015): 168–81. doi:10.1016/J.JAS.2014.11.036.
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