Leadership as an Art: Lagging Sales Performance Leadership Styles/Standards Transform Sales Trend

Also refers to bringing value in the lifesciences & biosciences. The integration of transactional, transformational, Charismatic leadership in sales leadership.

References:

Boylan, R.M (2006-2009). Master's thesis on levels of developmental progress in humans & leaders.

Max Weber applies the term charisma in this way, yet it does not elucidate the vibrational pull:

"A certain quality of an individual personality, virtue of he is set apart from ordinary and treated as endowed with supernatural, superhuman, or at least specifically exceptional powers or qualities. These are such as are not accessible to the ordinary person, but are regarded as of divine origin or as exemplary, and on the basis of them the individual concerned is treated as a leader ... How the quality in question would be ultimately judged from an ethical, aesthetic, or other such point of view is naturally indifferent for the purpose of definition."

This definition, however, does not get to the crux of what charisma is, making the concept as defined by Weber unscientific and impossible to measure or to manipulate. In the modern era, psychologists have defined charisma in terms of its outcomes (i.e., charismatic leaders are highly effective).[5]

Charisma is a word from Ancient Greece a Greek term that initially gained enthusiasm through Saint Paul's letters to the growing Christian communities in the 1st century. Originally, its meaning & significance related to a divinely-originating "gift" from within that some people possess that ordinary people do not have as personal magnetism and energy vibration. (4) Becoming a "God", Joose.

Max Weber then took this theological perspective and generalized it to popularize it, explaining it as something followers attribute to leaders they revere and adore and would perhaps even starve and die for. This opened up the use by sociologists who then applied it to political, military, celebrity, and non-Christian religious contexts.[1] Other terms used are "charismatic domination"[2] and "charismatic leadership".[3]

Charisma (/kəˈrɪzmə/) is compelling attractiveness or charm that can inspire devotion in others.[1]

Scholars in sociology, political science, psychology, and management reserve the term for a type of leadership seen as extraordinary; in these fields, the term "charisma" is used to describe a particular type of leader who uses "values-based, symbolic, and emotion-laden leader signaling".[9][need quotation to verify]

In Christian theology, the term appears as charism, an endowment or extraordinary power given by the Holy Spirit.

References:

1). Boylan, Rose-Marie, 2006-2009. Master's research Leadership Studies, University of Guelph, School of Management. Boylan, R.M. Master's thesis on Leadership intersectional analysis of developmental, humanistic & transpersonal psychology. 2006-2009.

2). Christensen, C., Ellsworth, J., Dillon, K. How will you measure your life? ISBN 978-1-77544-734-4.

3). New Oxford American Dictionary, edited by Angus Stevenson and Christine A. Lindberg. Oxford University Press.

4). Joosse, Paul (2014). "Becoming a God: Max Weber and the social construction of charisma". Journal of Classical Sociology. 14 (3): 266–283. doi:10.1177/1468795X14536652. S2CID 143606190.

5).

5). Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper & Row.

6). Burns, James MacGregor (1978). Leadership. Open Road Media (published 2012). ISBN 978-1-4532-4517-0. Retrieved 2017-07-31.

7). Downton, J. V. (1973). Rebel leadership: Commitment and charisma in the revolutionary process. New York: The Free Press.

8). Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: The Free Press.

9). House, R. J. (1977). A 1976 Theory of Charismatic Leadership. In J. G. Hunt & L. L. Larson (Eds.), The Cutting Edge (pp. 189–207). Carbondale: Southern Illinois: University Press.

10). Antonakis, John; Fenley, Marika; Liechti, Sue (2011). "Can Charisma be Taught? Tests of Two Interventions" (PDF). Academy of Management Learning & Education. 10 (3): 374–396. doi:10.5465/amle.2010.0012.

11). Antonakis, John; Bastardoz, Nicolas; Jacquart, Philippe; Shamir, Boas (2016). "Charisma: An Ill-Defined and Ill-Measured Gift". Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior. 3: 293–319. doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-041015-062305.

12). "Spiritual gifts". A Dictionary of the Bible by W. R. F. Browning. Oxford University Press Inc. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. Accessed 22 June 2011.

13). "Charisma" in Oxford English Dictionary, second edition. 1989.

14). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charisma

17). Beckert, J., Zafirovski, M. (2006). Charismatic Authority: Emotional Bonds Between Leaders and Followers International Encyclopedia of Economic Sociology, Published by Routledge, 2006, ISBN 0-415-28673-5 page. 53

18). WEBER LINKS page http Archived April 26, 2005, at the Wayback Machine