The management spectrum in software engineering ppt

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The management spectrum in software engineering ppt

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WATCH RELATED VIDEO: MangementSpectrum -4p’s of Management -people- product - proces -Project softwareEngineering-Hindi#1

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The term fourth generation techniques 4GT encompasses a broad array of software tools that have one thing in common: each enables the software engineer to specify some characteristic of software at a high level. The tool then automatically generates source code based on the developer's specification. There is little debate that the higher the level at which software can be specified to a machine, the faster a program can be built.

The 4GT paradigm for software engineering focuses on the ability to specify software using specialized language forms or a graphic notation that describes the problem to be solved in terms that the customer can understand. Currently, a software development environment that supports the 4GT paradigm includes some or all of the following tools: nonprocedural languages for database query, report generation, data manipulation, screen interaction and definition, code generation; high-level graphics capability; spreadsheet capability, and automated generation of HTML and similar languages used for Web-site creation using advanced software tools.

Initially, many of the tools noted previously were available only for very specific application domains, but today 4GT environments have been extended to address most software application categories.

Like other paradigms, 4GT begins with a requirements gathering step. Ideally, the customer would describe requirements and these would be directly translated into an operational prototype.

But this is unworkable. The customer may be unsure of what is required, may be ambiguous in specifying facts that are known, and may be unable or unwilling to specify information in a manner that a 4GT tool can consume. For small applications, it may be possible to move directly from the requirements gathering step to implementation using a nonprocedural fourth generation language 4GL or a model composed of a network of graphical icons.

However, for larger efforts, it is necessary to develop a design strategy for the system, even if a 4GL is to be used. The use of 4GT without design for large projects will cause the same difficulties poor quality, poor maintainability, poor customer acceptance that have been encountered when developing software using conventional approaches.

Implementation using a 4GL enables the software developer to represent desired results in a manner that leads to automatic generation of code to create those results. Obviously, a data structure with relevant information must exist and be readily accessible by the 4GL. To transform a 4GT implementation into a product, the developer must conduct thorough testing, develop meaningful documentation, and perform all other solution integration activities that are required in other software engineering paradigms.

In addition, the 4GT developed software must be built in a manner that enables maintenance to be performed expeditiously. Like all software engineering paradigms, the 4GT model has advantages and disadvantages. Proponents claim dramatic reduction in software development time and greatly improved productivity for people who build software.

Opponents claim that current 4GT tools are not all that much easier to use than programming languages, that the resultant source code produced by such tools is "inefficient," and that the maintainability of large software systems developed using 4GT is open to question. There is some merit in the claims of both sides and it is possible to summarize the current state of 4GT approaches:.

The use of 4GT is a viable approach for many different application areas. Coupled with computer-aided software engineering tools and code generators, 4GT offers a credible solution to many software problems. Data collected from companies that use 4GT indicate that the time required to produce software is greatly reduced for small and intermediate applications and that the amount of design and analysis for small applications is also reduced.

However, the use of 4GT for large software development efforts demands as much or more analysis, design, and testing software engineering activities to achieve substantial time savings that result from the elimination of coding. To summarize, fourth generation techniques have already become an important part of software engineering. When coupled with component-based development approaches Section 2. Having trouble in finding the notes for your syllabus?

Let us do it for you What all you have to do is just fill these details and submit the syllabus of your subject we will mail you the notes Do you want to earn some cash? You have a question? Ans: The formal methods model encompasses a set of activities that leads to formal mathematical specification of computer software. Formal methods enable a software engineer to specify, develop, and verify a computer-based system by applying a rigorous, mathematical notation.

A variation on this approach, called cleanroom software engineering view more.. Ans: Object-oriented technologies provide the technical framework for a component-based process model for software engineering. The objectoriented paradigm emphasizes the creation of classes that encapsulate both data and the algorithms used to manipulate the data.

If properly designed and implemented, object-oriented classes are reusable across different applications and computer-based system architectures. Ans: There is growing recognition that software, like all complex systems, evolves over a period of time [GIL88].

Business and product requirements often change as development proceeds, making a straight path to an end product unrealistic; tight market deadlines make completion of a comprehensive software product impossible view more.. Ans: The term fourth generation techniques 4GT encompasses a broad array of software tools that have one thing in common: each enables the software engineer to specify some characteristic of software at a high level. The tool then automatically generates source code based on the developer's specification view more..

Ans: If the process is weak, the end product will undoubtedly suffer, but an obsessive overreliance on process is also dangerous. The order is not arbitrary. The manager who forgets that software engineering work is an intensely human endeavor will never have success in project management view more..

Ans: In a study published by the IEEE [CUR88], the engineering vice presidents of three major technology companies were asked the most important contributor to a successful software project. They answered in the following way: view more.. Ans: A software project manager is confronted with a dilemma at the very beginning of a software engineering project. Quantitative estimates and an organized plan are required, but solid information is unavailable. A detailed analysis of software requirements would provide necessary information for estimates, view more..

Ans: The generic phases that characterize the software process—definition, development, and support—are applicable to all software.

The problem is to select the process model that is appropriate for the software to be engineered by a project team. Ans: In order to manage a successful software project, we must understand what can go wrong so that problems can be avoided and how to do it right. In an excellent paper on software projects, John Reel [REE99] defines ten signs that indicate that an information systems project is in jeopardy: view more.. Previous Page.

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A high severity risk rated 4 may seem like something that must be managed, but if the likelihood of it occurring is low say 1, then it may not be cost effective to take action and the risk may be accepted. Notice that when s is set to 0. Example 1 The following matrix has 3 rows and 6 columns. It allows you to weigh the severity of a potential risk against the probability that the risk might occur. This allows the team to align on the overall mission. Strategic Risk 1: Personnel Failure to attract and retain a skilled and competent workforce. For a more in-depth coverage consider taking a free online course.

Software Project Management. Lecture # 2. Outline. Chapter Project Management. The Management Spectrum (4 Ps in Project Management); Detailed discussion.

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the management spectrum in software engineering ppt

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A project is well-defined task, which is a collection of several operations done in order to achieve a goal for example, software development and delivery.

THE MANAGEMENT SPECTRUM

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Software Project Management - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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What is 5G? Your guide to the current generation of wireless communications

Here is what 5G Wireless technology is actually about: Making it feasible for telecommunications providers to deliver profitable services over their wireless networks. Compared with 5G, 4G consumes too many resources, requires too much human oversight, and to borrow a phrase best uttered by Ella Fitzgerald , runs too darn hot. The promise of 5G is that it cuts costs. Realizing this promise means selling consumers and businesses on 5G as an ideal, well before 4G LTE which ironically stood for "Long-Term Evolution" was originally due to expire.

5 Phases of Project Management – A Complete Breakdown

RELATED VIDEO: Lecture # 25 - Management Spectrum - 4 P's - UPSOL ACADEMY

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PPT - Center for Software Engineering

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