Standards of asthma self-management education

Organizations that conduct asthma disease management programs are invited to apply for AARC certification. Certification indicates that the content of your educational training program and the qualifications of nonphysician healthcare professionals employed by the program are consistent with the standards established by the American Association for Respiratory Care. This is an important indicator of quality recognized by patients, referring health care providers, and third party payors and can be a valuable addition to your marketing and reimbursement efforts. The ASME Program Certification Standards were developed by an experienced multi-disciplinary team of respiratory therapists, physicians, nurses and pharmacists based on evidence-based medicine. Programs certified by these standards will demonstrate that they have:. While recognition of your program does not guarantee reimbursement from third party payors, some type of recognition such as this AARC formal certification is needed to apply for reimbursement under these CPT codes.

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Standards of asthma self-management education

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WATCH RELATED VIDEO: Medicaid Coverage of Asthma Self Management Education Analysis of Services, Providers and Settings

Patient-Centered Asthma Care

The study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of an asthma educational program for asthma control, asthma self-management, asthma knowledge, and patient activation. The study analyzes different demographic variables with the purpose of investigating which asthma patients performed better than others.

Based on these demographic characteristics, the study provides several recommendations for various stakeholders. The study is based on a positivist approach since its purpose is to investigate the consequences of an asthma educational program with a view to generalizing the results to a larger population.

The study targets public and private hospitals which have applied the asthma educational program in collaboration with the Saudi Initiative for Asthma SINA. Multiple questionnaires were deployed valid responses were received from patients of public and private hospitals using online and offline data collection method.

Several parametric and non-parametric tests were carried out in terms of data analysis. The results reveal that patients in the intervention group obtained high scores and were therefore more knowledgeable and able to control their asthma compared to the control group.

Overall, patients in the intervention group performed better in terms of asthma control, asthma self-management and knowledge and awareness. There was a high level of patient activation in this group. In the context of demographic features, it was found that patients who are married and are undergraduate degree holders in employment scored high compared to patients who were young, single, post-graduate degree holders that were mainly self-employed.

The results of this study can guide policy makers, SINA authorities, and hospitals as to which demographic category of asthma patients require immediate attention. The significance of asthma educational programmes has increased especially through social media platforms as the number of adult patients continues to increase day by day. Asthma is recognized as a major non-communicable disease, and there are over million asthma patients across the world 1.

The majority of these patients belong to Arab countries because the health professionals are limited in these nations compared to the number of asthma patients 2 — 4.

Similarly, the numbers of asthma patients are increasing as hospitals are unable to manage them because of limited specialized doctors and staff 3 , 5. Approximately Out of It is found that the percentage of asthma patients has increased from In this situation, it is important to understand the role and nature of asthma educational programmes, especially in the local and cultural context of KSA. A systematic literature review highlights that the scope of asthma educational programmes.

Their numbers have also increased, especially in those countries where there are more asthma patients, more unscheduled patient visits, limited levels of information, and limited numbers of specialized doctors and staff 8 — The KSA health care system faces many challenges which have increased the issues for patients with chronic diseases 11 , For example, there are lower numbers of allergists, registered respiratory therapists, specialized respiratory nurses, and pharmacists 6 , 12 , Therefore, the number of emergency and scheduled visits of asthma patients has increased in KSA hospitals 11 , A recent study documented that the percentage of asthma patients has also increased i.

Recent studies reveal that the number of asthma educational programmes are very limited, and the number of emergency and scheduled visits of asthma patients have also increased in KSA hospitals 7 , 14 , Therefore, the number of unscheduled visits of asthma patients to hospitals has significantly increased over recent years 7 , The number of allergists, radiologists, pharmacists, and specialized respiratory nurses are very low so patients are unable to make appointments and find it difficult to properly and in a timely manner with health professionals.

This has created a critical situation 12 , 13 , Most KSA hospitals have under-qualified staff, and they are therefore increasingly more dependent on foreign workers who command higher salaries. However, their numbers are also very low, at a time when the number of asthma patients is increasing all over the world 14 , It is clear that KSA hospitals and the Ministry of Health must now prepare a digital database to record chronic patient so that they can establish how to manage the sufferers of such diseases.

It is now essential that the Saudi health department begins to play a more central role to ensure that all asthma patients can receive more support and lead healthy lives.

Community and social support are not very active when it comes to asthma awareness and management. The existing literature indicates some of the benefits of asthma educational programmes with respect to patient asthma control 18 — The major aim of this study is to investigate asthma educational programmes as a means to improve the quality of life of sufferers, and to improve medication compliance, asthma knowledge, and patient motivation.

These factors can prove helpful in minimizing the numbers of scheduled and unscheduled visits to hospitals. However, many studies of asthma educational programmes have failed to provide relevant information related to what improvements have been achieved with respect to asthma self-management, asthma control, and the quality of life of patients 21 — Some educational programmes have been unable to bring about any improvements to patients with respect to asthma knowledge 24 , Indeed, the actual causes of why patients have limited knowledge even after the delivery of asthma educational programmes are not yet understood 24 , Surprisingly, most existing studies point to high levels of frustration with respect to the intentions and motivations of patients 26 — Such studies could provide insights about the significance of the age, marital status, gender, and educational level of asthma patients, and the extent to which these influence asthma self-management, patient activation, asthma control, and asthma knowledge 5 , 11 , Therefore, the present study aims to address this gap by investigating and understanding the influence of demographics descriptors on the outcomes of asthma educational programmes in KSA.

Although many studies have explained the role and importance of SINA asthma educational programme in KSA 5 , 29 , 30 , there is no evidence about how these educational programmes influence patients in both intervention and control groups.

The present study aims to address that research gap in order to highlight how asthma educational programmes influence asthma self-management, patient activation, asthma control, and asthma knowledge in KSA. The purpose of the study is to enhance the level of understanding about how SINA and other stakeholders in the health sector can improve the health of asthma patients by arranging educational programmes in KSA. Most literature in this area focuses on developed countries which have supportive cultures, high levels of asthma awareness and knowledge in social communities, and plenty of specialist staff.

Such countries have more asthma educational programmes, and they use technology 31 — It is unlikely that all cultures, societies, and communities are equal in terms of their asthma knowledge, awareness, healthcare facilities, and in terms of the environmental challenges they face 5 , 16 , For example, some studies conducted in developing countries indicate there are low numbers of asthma patients, few emergency visits to hospitals, more educational programmes, and limited environmental issues such as hot weather and frequent dust storms which subsequently drive-up rates of allergies 5 , 29 , Conversely, there are a high number of patients, and limited educational programmes.

Patient knowledge about asthma in Arab countries e. And knowledge and awareness about asthma symptoms as well as support from health professionals is very limited in Arab countries 5 , 29 , Self-efficacy has been acknowledged through learning theory for over three decades It has long been regarded as a component of social cognitive theory that emerges within behavioral programmes.

Enhanced self-efficacy is related to improvements in minimizing asthmatic attacks. It also creates enhanced levels of physical activity, and medication adherence Self-efficacy is considered a key feature of effective symptom management in patients with chronic disease It is highly correlated with the overall functioning of patients who find themselves hospitalized The approach also drives improvement in life standards 40 , and improves the 5-year rate of survival amongst patients of chronic disease.

Self-efficacy denotes a person's confidence in managing their chronic disease. The key to self-efficacy is confidence so that the patient feels confident enough in dealing with their disease to take medicines on time. Using this approach, they are more likely to make lifestyle changes to better manage the disease Other research has found that higher self-efficacy rates have a positive effect on blood sugar and blood pressure Increased self-efficacy also results in reduced hospitalization rates, enhanced life quality and positive results for health.

In contrast, patients who have low levels of self-efficacy fail to maintain their physical exercise levels upon completion of a respiratory rehabilitation program Self-efficacy skills lead to lifestyle improvements and also enable patients to better monitor their illnesses 43 , There are some contextual factors that also need to be considered in developing self-management educational programmes for the patient These factors included the patient characteristics and health care setting as shown in Figures 1 , 2 below.

Similarly, the contextual factors can be considered as the most important attributes of patient activation The environment where patients obtain healthcare is one such contextual factor. There are two kinds of contextual factors: community characteristics and the sites that are the common sources of healthcare Common sources of healthcare, such as hospital emergency departments or surgeries reflect an association between patients and physicians, and this has been shown to strongly influence patient activation.

Figure 1. Important contextual factors for Asthma educational programme Developed by the author. Figure 2. Theoretical framework. The extent of literature has highlighted that few KSA hospitals offer high quality health services for asthma patients. Whereas, the majority of hospitals in rural areas receive a high number of asthma patients 11 , 12 , Furthermore, a number of studies have revealed that KSA rural areas experience high rates of allergies and sandstorms. They have higher populations of smokers, hotter weather and limited sports and exercise opportunities.

They consume more dairy items and have low awareness about asthma symptoms and the consequences of asthma 11 , 12 , A recent study highlighted that the number of adult asthma patients is very high. Therefore, the number of asthma patient deaths have increased across the KSA Similarly, other studies have found that the number of asthma patients are very high compared to health professionals, health facilities, and asthma educational programmes in KSA 13 , 15 , The existing literature reveals that many patients have attended and have been admitted to KSA hospitals.

However, there are limited performance checks and directions for staff Few asthma patients have complained about the poor performance of KSA hospital staff 12 , Some asthma patients have found that nurses work very long hours and this impacts on their attention spans, and ability to care for patients 6 , This study has been developed based on the following theoretical framework that emerged based on the above literature. A number of studies have been conducted in KSA, but none of these has identified the extent to which adult asthma patients are motivated to control their asthma without any support 11 , 12 , It has been found that there are no positive outcomes from asthma educational programmes with respect to reducing emergency visits to hospitals 28 , 32 , The findings of a recent study revealed that asthma educational programmes decrease the use of inhalers.

However, the authors did not reveal how many patients stopped using an inhaler and they did not examine the different techniques they adopted to control their asthma Many studies have examined emergency visits following exposure to education 11 , 12 , It has been observed that, after the effective delivery of Asthma educational programmes, unscheduled or average emergency patient visits to hospital decrease for all patients 11 , 12 , It is reported no difference following education, and this study intends to investigate the research questions and hypotheses below Research Question 1: Is there a significant difference between demographic categories sex, age, marital status, education, and employment status in terms of the study variables Control, Self-Management, Knowledge, and Activation across program stages?


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Asthma self-management education is a fundamental component of asthma management guidelines. Self-management education should include the provision of information, self-monitoring, regular medical review and the provision of a written asthma management plan. Implementing this form of management can be challenging, this paper reviews the evidence supporting self-management education, provides recommendations and tools for delivering asthma education and discusses the challenges and solutions to implementing these recommendations. We have discussed ways to improve communication, develop patient partnerships and tailor management to facilitate behavioural change, adherence and self-management. Health Professionals providing education and guiding self-management require training to acquire and maintain the skills necessary to deliver this form of education. Provision of this training is important and can be achieved through varied methods of achieving competence.

This trial had three arms: usual care, individualized education with weekly telephone The key components of asthma self-management education involve the.

Apps for asthma self-management: a systematic assessment of content and tools

Either your web browser doesn't support Javascript or it is currently turned off. In the latter case, please turn on Javascript support in your web browser and reload this page. Free to read. For individuals with asthma, self-management at home can be complex and overwhelming. The National Asthma Guidelines recommend education, ongoing assessment of control, and identification of those at high risk, as integral elements of improving outcomes for these individuals. Many of these tools are applicable for use in primary care ambulatory practices. In addition to triggering increased health care utilization, poorly controlled asthma also negatively affects the quality of life of these children. Managing asthma on a day to day basis can be a struggle for patients and families. Second, there is a wide array of complex medications that not only look similar, but have different directions for use, different dosages, and different timings of the day when they need to be administered.

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standards of asthma self-management education

Welcome to The Community Guide! Let us know what you think of the website by completing this quick survey. The Community Preventive Services Task Force CPSTF recommends school-based asthma self-management interventions to reduce hospitalizations and emergency room visits among children and adolescents with asthma. Evidence shows interventions are effective when delivered by trained school staff, nurses, and health educators in elementary, middle, and high schools serving diverse populations. When implemented in schools in low-income or minority communities, interventions are likely to promote health equity.

Only fill in if you are not human. Based on the British Thoracic Society asthma guidelines, this module offers a case-based learning approach to supported asthma self-management.

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People with uncontrolled asthma are faced with many difficulties as the disease progresses and self-management is one approach to improve their health outcomes. This randomized controlled trial aimed to test the effects of a self-management enhancement program on symptom control and quality of life among adults with uncontrolled asthma. The study was implemented from April to September at a tertiary care hospital in northeast Thailand. The experimental group participated in a 6-week self-management enhancement program, whereas the control group received standard care. The outcomes were assessed at 12 weeks after the completion of the program.

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Metrics details. Apps have been enthusiastically adopted by the general public. They are increasingly recognized by policy-makers as a potential medium for supporting self-management of long-term conditions. We assessed the degree to which current smartphone and tablet apps for people with asthma offer content and tools of appropriate quality to support asthma self-management. We adapted systematic review methodology to the assessment of apps. We identified English-language asthma apps for all ages through a systematic search of official app stores. We systematically assessed app content using criteria derived from international guidelines and systematic review of strategies for asthma self-management. We covered three domains: comprehensiveness of asthma information, consistency of advice with evidence and compliance with health information best practice principles.

Guidelines for the treatment of asthma recommend that patients be educated about their condition, obtain regular medical review, monitor their.

‘Smart Inhalers’ May Help Diagnose and Treat Asthma – If Used

Currently viewing BNF. Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory condition of the airways, associated with airway hyperresponsiveness and variable airflow obstruction. The most frequent symptoms of asthma are cough, wheeze, chest tightness, and breathlessness.

Evidence-based recommendations developed by independent committees, including professionals and lay members, and consulted on by stakeholders. View all guidance. We want you to be involved in our work. There are many ways you can get involved as a healthcare professional or a member of the public.

National and international consensus bodies have identified asthma education and guided self-management as essential components of efforts to empower patients and reduce asthma morbidity and mortality 1 — 6.

The study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of an asthma educational program for asthma control, asthma self-management, asthma knowledge, and patient activation. The study analyzes different demographic variables with the purpose of investigating which asthma patients performed better than others. Based on these demographic characteristics, the study provides several recommendations for various stakeholders. The study is based on a positivist approach since its purpose is to investigate the consequences of an asthma educational program with a view to generalizing the results to a larger population. The study targets public and private hospitals which have applied the asthma educational program in collaboration with the Saudi Initiative for Asthma SINA.

Lungs and Airways. This is a plain English summary of an original research article. The interventions are unlikely to increase overall costs for healthcare services. Those who self-manage are also likely to have more controlled asthma and a better quality of life.

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